It's not currently possible to have filter logic of this nature, but the specific requirement of a stream filter being able to look back at previous stream items is noted.
In the meantime, you would effectively apply a rule like this at retrieval time. For example see the firstpublishersany flag of getstreamkeysummary if you are merging JSON items. Is that your intention here or do you just want to list the items that were written by the first publisher of that key?